@font-face{font-family:Jakarta;src:url('/atlas/assets/brand/plus-jakarta-sans-latin-v1.woff2') format('woff2');font-weight:200 800;font-display:swap}*{box-sizing:border-box}body[data-research-home]{margin:0;background:#f3f5f7;color:#17324f;font-family:var(--reading-font,"Segoe UI",-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"PingFang SC","Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif);font-size:18px;line-height:1.8}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.research-header{max-width:1240px;margin:auto;min-height:100px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:32px;padding:24px 48px;border-bottom:1px solid #dce2e8}.research-brand img{display:block;width:224px;height:auto}.research-header nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:25px;font-size:13px;flex-wrap:wrap}.research-header nav a:hover,.research-section-title a:hover,.research-evidence a:hover{color:#9b6c25}body[data-research-home] main{max-width:1240px;margin:auto;padding:0 48px}.research-hero{padding:28px 0 24px;max-width:920px}.research-kicker{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.16em;color:#8b692f;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 12px}.research-hero h1{font-size:clamp(32px,4.15vw,54px);font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.025em;line-height:1.3;margin:0 0 14px;text-wrap:balance}.research-intro{font-size:18px;line-height:1.85;color:#42566a;margin:0 0 22px;max-width:900px}.research-hero .mgw-search-box{padding:0;margin:0;max-width:820px;border:0;background:none}.research-hero .mgw-search-form label{font-size:16px;color:#42566a;margin-bottom:8px}.research-hero .mgw-search-controls{box-shadow:0 8px 24px #17324f08}.research-hero .mgw-search-controls input{background:#fff;min-height:54px}.research-hero .mgw-search-controls button{min-width:100px}.research-hero .mgw-search-samples{margin-top:10px}.research-metals{border-top:1px solid #dce2e8;padding:22px 0 26px}.research-section-title{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;margin-bottom:14px}.research-section-title h2{font-size:22px;font-weight:600;margin:0}.research-section-title>a{font-size:15px;color:#42566a}.research-metal-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));border-top:1px solid #d4dce5;border-left:1px solid #d4dce5}.research-metal-grid>a{position:relative;padding:14px 20px;background:#fff;border-right:1px solid #d4dce5;border-bottom:1px solid #d4dce5;min-height:94px;transition:background .15s}.research-metal-grid>a:hover{background:#f8f4ed}.research-metal-grid span{font-size:23px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.5;display:block;margin-bottom:6px}.research-metal-grid small{font-size:15px;color:#526376}.research-metal-grid b{position:absolute;right:18px;top:18px;font-size:15px;color:#9b6c25;font-weight:400}.research-evidence{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:65px;padding:26px 0 30px;border-top:1px solid #dce2e8}.research-evidence .research-kicker{margin-bottom:14px}.research-evidence h2{text-wrap:balance;font-size:26px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6;margin:0;max-width:400px}.research-evidence p:not(.research-kicker){font-size:18px;color:#42566a;line-height:1.85;margin:0 0 16px;max-width:520px}.research-evidence a{font-size:16px;font-weight:500}.research-footer{max-width:1144px;margin:auto;border-top:1px solid #dce2e8;padding:24px 0 32px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;color:#526376;font-size:15px}@media(max-width:850px){.research-header{padding:23px 32px;align-items:flex-start;gap:23px}.research-header nav{gap:14px}.research-brand img{width:185px}body[data-research-home] main{padding:0 32px}.research-hero{padding:30px 0 24px}.research-metal-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr))}.research-metal-grid>a{padding:14px 16px}.research-evidence{gap:30px}.research-footer{margin:0 32px}}@media(max-width:540px){.research-header{padding:22px 22px 18px;display:block}.research-brand img{width:198px}.research-header nav{margin-top:23px;gap:18px 20px;font-size:12px}body[data-research-home] main{padding:0 22px}.research-hero{padding:26px 0 22px}.research-hero h1{font-size:33px;line-height:1.42;letter-spacing:-.015em;max-width:340px}.research-kicker{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.13em;margin-bottom:10px}.research-intro{font-size:18px;line-height:1.85;margin-bottom:20px}.research-hero .mgw-search-controls input{min-width:0;min-height:54px;font-size:16px}.research-hero .mgw-search-controls button{min-width:68px}.research-hero .mgw-search-samples{font-size:13px;gap:12px}.research-section-title{gap:12px;margin-bottom:14px}.research-section-title h2{font-size:21px}.research-section-title>a{font-size:15px}.research-metals{padding:20px 0 24px}.research-metal-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.research-metal-grid>a{padding:14px 16px;min-height:94px}.research-metal-grid span{font-size:22px}.research-evidence{display:block;padding:24px 0 28px}.research-evidence h2{font-size:25px;margin-bottom:14px;max-width:300px}.research-footer{margin:0 22px;padding:21px 0 28px;font-size:15px;gap:16px}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*{transition:none!important}}
.research-retired{padding-top:90px;min-height:65vh}.research-return{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:48px;background:#17324f;color:#fff;padding:12px 22px;font-size:13px;border-bottom:2px solid #d2a04c}.research-return:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #d2a04c;outline-offset:4px}@media(max-width:540px){.research-retired{padding-top:55px}}

.research-search-results{max-width:820px;padding:0 0 46px}.research-search-results[hidden]{display:none}.research-search-results h2{font-size:20px;font-weight:600;margin:0 0 12px}.research-search-results .mgw-search-status{margin:0 0 6px}
body[data-search-active="true"] .research-hero{padding:32px 0 28px}body[data-search-active="true"] .research-hero h1{font-size:28px;margin-bottom:14px}body[data-search-active="true"] .research-hero>.research-kicker,body[data-search-active="true"] .research-intro{display:none}
@media(max-width:540px){.research-header nav{column-gap:14px}}
@media(max-width:540px){html[lang="en"] body[data-search-active="false"] .research-hero h1{font-size:30px}}
.research-questions{border-top:1px solid #dce2e8;padding:22px 0 26px}.research-questions ul{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;column-gap:44px;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.research-questions li{border-bottom:1px solid #dce2e8}.research-questions li a{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:18px;padding:12px 0;font-size:17px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.8}.research-questions li a:hover{color:#9b6c25}.research-questions li a:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #9b6c25;outline-offset:4px}.research-questions li a span{color:#9b6c25;flex:none}body[data-search-active="true"] .research-questions{display:none}@media(max-width:850px){.research-questions ul{column-gap:30px}}@media(max-width:540px){.research-questions{padding:20px 0 24px}.research-questions ul{grid-template-columns:1fr}.research-questions li a{font-size:17px;padding:12px 0}}

/* Metal identifiers reuse the Atlas palette; names remain the primary cue. */
.research-metal-grid>a[data-metal="copper"] {--metal-accent:#a6532b;--metal-ink:#85401f;--metal-tint:#f5ebe4}
.research-metal-grid>a[data-metal="aluminium"] {--metal-accent:#376d9a;--metal-ink:#2f5c81;--metal-tint:#eaf0f6}
.research-metal-grid>a[data-metal="lead"] {--metal-accent:#625b71;--metal-ink:#514b5e;--metal-tint:#efedf2}
.research-metal-grid>a[data-metal="zinc"] {--metal-accent:#247a82;--metal-ink:#1e636a;--metal-tint:#e7f1f2}
.research-metal-grid>a[data-metal="nickel"] {--metal-accent:#527443;--metal-ink:#405c35;--metal-tint:#edf2e8}
.research-metal-grid>a[data-metal="tin"] {--metal-accent:#5363a0;--metal-ink:#414f82;--metal-tint:#eceef7}
.research-metal-grid>a[data-metal="lithium"] {--metal-accent:#286f68;--metal-ink:#205a55;--metal-tint:#e8f3f0}
.research-metal-grid>a[data-metal="iron-ore"] {--metal-accent:#73574c;--metal-ink:#60473d;--metal-tint:#f2ece8}
.research-metal-grid {border:0;gap:0 28px}
.research-metal-grid>a {display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;align-content:center;column-gap:10px;min-height:78px;padding:12px 0 12px 16px;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid #dce2e8;border-radius:0;background:transparent}
.research-metal-grid>a::before {content:"";position:absolute;left:0;top:19px;width:3px;height:20px;background:var(--metal-accent);border-radius:2px}
.research-metal-grid>a:hover {background:transparent;border-bottom-color:var(--metal-accent)}
.research-metal-grid>a:hover span {text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}
.research-metal-grid>a:focus-visible {outline:2px solid var(--metal-accent);outline-offset:3px;background:transparent}
.research-metal-grid span,.research-metal-grid b {color:var(--metal-ink)}
.research-metal-grid span {font-size:22px;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:4px}
.research-metal-grid small {display:block;grid-column:1;line-height:1.5}
body[data-research-home] section.mgw-pack-feature {margin:0;padding:24px 0;gap:32px;border:0;border-top:1px solid #dce2e8;border-radius:0;background:transparent}
body[data-research-home] .mgw-pack-feature .mgw-pack-copy h2 {font-size:24px;margin-bottom:8px;max-width:none}
body[data-research-home] .mgw-pack-feature .mgw-pack-copy p {max-width:72ch}
body[data-research-home] .mgw-pack-feature .mgw-pack-actions {display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto auto;align-items:center;gap:6px 18px}
body[data-research-home] .mgw-pack-feature .mgw-pack-actions small {grid-column:1/-1}
@media(max-width:600px) {
 body[data-research-home] section.mgw-pack-feature {padding:22px 0;gap:14px;margin:0}
 body[data-research-home] .mgw-pack-feature .mgw-pack-copy h2 {font-size:22px}
 body[data-research-home] .mgw-pack-feature .mgw-pack-actions {display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 16px;align-items:center}
 body[data-research-home] .mgw-pack-feature .mgw-pack-actions small {flex-basis:100%}
 body[data-research-home] .mgw-pack-feature .mgw-pack-sample {white-space:nowrap}
}

@media(min-width:601px) and (max-width:900px) {
 body[data-research-home] section.mgw-pack-feature {grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:14px}
 body[data-research-home] .mgw-pack-feature .mgw-pack-actions {justify-content:start}
}

.research-metal-grid b {position:static;grid-column:2;grid-row:1/3;align-self:center}
body[data-research-home] .mgw-pack-feature a.mgw-pack-button {min-height:44px;padding:4px 0;background:transparent;color:#17324f;border:0;border-radius:0;gap:16px}
body[data-research-home] .mgw-pack-feature a.mgw-pack-button:hover {color:#854f1b;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px}
@media(max-width:850px) {.research-metal-grid {column-gap:20px}}
@media(max-width:540px) {.research-metal-grid {column-gap:24px}.research-metal-grid>a {min-height:76px;padding-left:13px}}
@media(max-width:540px) {.research-metal-grid span {font-size:20px}}
@media(max-width:350px) {.research-metal-grid span {font-size:18px;letter-spacing:-.02em}}
.research-example{margin-top:26px;padding:20px 0 0;border-top:1px solid #b9c8d3;max-width:700px}.research-example-meta{font-size:13px!important;line-height:1.6;color:#526779;margin:0 0 8px!important}.research-example-answer{font-size:25px;line-height:1.4;font-weight:600;margin:0 0 8px;color:#17324f}.research-example-values{font-size:19px;line-height:1.5;margin:0 0 10px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.research-example-values span{color:#8a6543;padding:0 5px}.research-example>a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}.research-example>a:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #a6532b;outline-offset:4px}body[data-search-active="true"] .research-example{display:none}
@media(min-width:1000px){.research-hero:has(.research-example){display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.2fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:0 70px;align-content:start}.research-hero:has(.research-example)>:not(.research-example){grid-column:1}.research-hero .research-example{grid-column:2;grid-row:2/5;align-self:center;padding:20px 0 20px 30px;margin:0;border-top:0;border-left:1px solid #b9c8d3}.research-hero:has(.research-example) h1{font-size:44px}}
@media(max-width:540px){.research-hero:has(.research-example){padding-top:17px}.research-hero:has(.research-example) h1{font-size:28px;line-height:1.35;margin-bottom:10px}.research-hero:has(.research-example)>.research-kicker{display:none}.research-hero:has(.research-example)>.research-intro{font-size:16px;line-height:1.65;margin-bottom:16px}.research-hero:has(.research-example) .mgw-search-samples{display:none}.research-example{margin-top:18px;padding-top:16px}.research-example-answer{font-size:23px}.research-example-values{font-size:18px}}